The move, praised by some Middle East observers as a diplomatic breakthrough, has drawn sharp condemnation from Israel, the United States, and Australia’s conservative opposition.

Pacific nations, meanwhile, are increasingly cautious about entering into deals that seem rushed or insufficiently transparent.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said in a statement the goal is both “ambitious but achievable”, designed to drive investment, respond to the science and prepare Australia for the global clean energy transition.

The agreement will formally elevate the defence relationship between the two nations into a mutual defence alliance.

“We need to look after each other’s interests and engage constructively. That’s certainly what I do.”

Liberal Senator Michaelia Cash accused the Prime Minister of “emboldening a terror group who murder civilians in cold blood.”

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese is expected to press the pact’s importance when he meets President Trump next week on the sidelines of the G7 summit.

“Our government will be driven by the principle that no one is left behind”

"My message to these communities is simple: we’ve got your back.”

He noted that almost every leader he met in Rome claimed a personal connection to Australia—a testament to its diaspora and international reputation.