The tribunal has repeatedly found that later applicants had significantly lower-profile political activity and provided insufficient evidence that Indian authorities were aware of their involvement.

The IPA analysis found that Melbourne's population increased by 407,170 people between the financial years ending June 2023 and June 2025.

The man claimed his father suffered a heart attack after learning he was gay and that his mother told him not to contact the family until he had “changed”.

Subsequent claims raised allegations of support for the Khalistan movement, the husband’s alleged army desertion and claimed role as a Sikh priest, threats from a moneylender and, most recently, a dispute with the husband’s brothers over ancestral land.

The guidance also specifically warns against controlling behaviour, including restricting a woman's clothing, movements, employment, education or contact with friends and family.

The Albanese Government is providing new funding to expand Indian language education in Australian schools, helping students continue studying languages including Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali, Gujarati, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu through Years 11 and 12.

The man, identified in court documents as MFKF, arrived in Australia in 2011 on a spousal visa. His visa was later cancelled after he was convicted of sexually abusing a boy and sentenced to prison.

Hindi can already be taught by individual schools where there is sufficient community demand, but it does not currently have a nationally developed pathway leading to senior secondary qualifications.

Investigators also uncovered allegations that clients had received falsified departmental correspondence, creating the impression that visa applications had been lodged when they had not.

“I’m very proud to be the first Prime Minister of Australia, out of the 31 that we’ve had, to have a non-Anglo Celtic name, and I’m very proud of the background that I have.”